Smart and Functional Polymers for Sustainable Applications in Health, Energy and Environment Polymer Science
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Abstract
The development of sustainable smart polymers has enabled materials capable of responding to diverse chemical, biological, and physical stimuli. This review highlights recent advances in controlled polymerization techniques-including ATRP, RAFT, RDRP, and photoinduced methods with emphasis on environmentally benign synthesis via green solvents and solvent-free routes. The integration of bio-based monomers, green catalysts, and circular design principles facilitates recyclability, biodegradability, and low toxic impact. Owing to their multifunctional behavior, these polymers exhibit significant potential in drug delivery, tissue engineering, flexible electronics, energy storage, energy conversion, and environmental remediation. Representative examples include thermo-responsive hydrogels, conductive polymer networks, self-healing elastomers, and adaptive separation membranes. Key challenges such as operational stability, scalability, and lifecycle management are discussed, underscoring the need for molecular-to-system level strategies. A holistic approach combining molecular design and circular economy frameworks will accelerate the translation of smart polymers into sustainable, high-performance technologies.
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